Fines, complaints and courts · French law
Movable-property seizure: 5 priority checks in France
Informational guide. An independent qualified legal review has not been completed.
Seizure and sale concerns tangible movable property sold to satisfy a debt under an enforceable title and procedural acts. The payment command, seizure record and sale are different stages. Certain property and rights require separate examination. Identify the received act, property and challenge grounds; bank-attachment rules do not automatically apply to this procedure.
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Are the payment command and seizure record the same document?
No. The command requests payment before further steps; the seizure act describes another stage. Keep both.
Read the references3 free questions at signup. Avoid names and sensitive information.
What you leave withA procedural-stage and property-evidence sheet without a determination of exemption.
Start with the practical sectionWhich five checks precede a challenge?
The ranking prioritises act and stage, then property and request, because these change the route. It concerns seizure and sale of tangible movables, distinct from bank, wage or administrative seizure.
Received act
Distinguish payment command, seizure and sale notice.
Title and calculation
Reconcile claim, enforceability and payments.
Stage and notification
Keep dated acts without computing a period from a label alone.
Property and ownership
Gather descriptions, invoices and evidence; vehicles may use another framework.
Request and court
Have challenge and court examined without assuming suspension.
References : Saisie-vente d'un bien meuble corporel | Service Public · Code des procédures civiles d’exécution, article L221-1 · Code des procédures civiles d’exécution, article R221-1 · Code des procédures civiles d’exécution, article R221-3 · Code des procédures civiles d’exécution, article R221-30
Which act and procedural stage have you received?
L221-1 governs a creditor with an enforceable title for a liquid and due claim after a payment command. The ordinary command includes payment within eight days under its framework. It is not yet the inventory of seized goods.
References : Code des procédures civiles d’exécution, article L221-1 · Code des procédures civiles d’exécution, article R221-1 · Code des procédures civiles d’exécution, article R221-3
Which property and owners must be identified?
Identify each described item and alleged ownership. Necessary goods or particular situations can have protections; presence at home does not make every object automatically seizable. Connect an invoice with the item, financing and circumstances.
| Situation | Evidence | Limit |
|---|---|---|
| Stated debtor-owned | Description and records | Exemptions to examine |
| Third-party claim | Invoice and ownership evidence | Declaration alone insufficient |
| Vehicle | Act and measure type | Possible special framework |
References : Saisie-vente d'un bien meuble corporel | Service Public · Code des procédures civiles d’exécution, article L221-1
How do you prepare evidence for the current stage?
The sheet organises evidence by stated stage. R221-30 provides one month from notification of the seizure act for voluntary sale within its framework. A command date is not interchangeable with that notification.
References : Saisie-vente d'un bien meuble corporel | Service Public · Code des procédures civiles d’exécution, article R221-30
What does property said to belong to a third party show?
For the fictional third-party item, reconcile invoice, description and placement circumstances. The invoice can support the file without automatically deciding ownership. Prepare questions and evidence for a professional without altering or concealing the item.
Fictional example: a record includes furniture that a third party says they purchased. The sheet reconciles invoice, possession and description without automatically deciding ownership or cancelling seizure.
References : Saisie-vente d'un bien meuble corporel | Service Public · Code des procédures civiles d’exécution, article L221-1
Which request and court should be verified?
Have grounds, act and request checked at the current stage. Voluntary sale, challenge and forced sale are distinct. An announced sale needs prompt examination; a checklist result suspends neither act nor period.
References : Saisie-vente d'un bien meuble corporel | Service Public · Code des procédures civiles d’exécution, article L221-1 · Code des procédures civiles d’exécution, article R221-30
What else should you check?
Are the payment command and seizure record the same document?
No. The command requests payment before further steps; the seizure act describes another stage. Keep both.
Is every object in the home necessarily seizable?
No. Ownership and statutory protection need examination. Presence in the home does not establish ownership or seizability.
Are voluntary and forced sales the same?
No. R221-30 governs voluntary sale within its framework; forced sale has other steps and conditions.
Does a vehicle always use this general procedure?
No. The measure involving a vehicle can use a particular procedure. The sheet does not select a regime from the word vehicle alone.
Can a tool confirm ownership or release seizure?
No. It organises stated questions and records, without deciding ownership or filing a challenge or release request.
Which sources support this page?
Official texts remain in French. The explanations above describe French law. A source check records a reading date; it is not qualified legal review.
- Saisie-vente d'un bien meuble corporel | Service PublicSource checked :
- Code des procédures civiles d’exécution, article L221-1Source checked : · Version from 2012-06-01
- Code des procédures civiles d’exécution, article R221-1Source checked : · Version from 2012-06-01
- Code des procédures civiles d’exécution, article R221-3Source checked : · Version from 2012-06-01
- Code des procédures civiles d’exécution, article R221-30Source checked : · Version from 2012-06-01