Public assets: occupation, use and management · France / Switzerland
Trading on public land: review the existing permit
An existing commercial public-land title must be read against the identified asset, footprint and authorised activity. France’s occupation framework differs from Swiss cantonal rules, illustrated here by Geneva’s permission and concession distinctions. Reconcile holder, duration, charges and termination correspondence without importing a private lease’s protections. This task concerns the existing personal title, separately from initial allocation of an opportunity or constitution of a financing-related real right.
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Who granted the title and to which holder?
France: connect the named holder and competent signatory to the act. Switzerland: Geneva permission and concession authorities differ; the operator or business buyer does not automatically become the authorised holder.
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Which public asset, footprint and use does the title authorise?
France: L2122-1 requires a title for occupation exceeding common use. Switzerland: identify Geneva’s permitted excessive commercial use and actual footprint; an installed business does not prove permission.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2122-1, L2122-2, L2122-3, L2125-3Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21Geneva LRoutes L1 10 : 59
Who granted the title and to which holder?
France: connect the named holder and competent signatory to the act. Switzerland: Geneva permission and concession authorities differ; the operator or business buyer does not automatically become the authorised holder.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2122-1, L2122-2, L2122-3, L2125-3Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21Geneva LRoutes L1 10 : 59
Personal occupation-title and performance comparison
Synthetic example: fictional records. Personal occupation-title and performance comparison.
Synthetic example: fictional records · Personal occupation-title and performance comparison
- Jurisdiction
- France
- Asset and footprint
- Public asset B1, plan P1
- Holder and use
- Trader H1, activity A1
- Duration and charge
- Title T1, period D1, demand F1
- Change and end
- Correspondence C1, condition R1
This task concerns the existing personal title, separately from initial allocation of an opportunity or constitution of a financing-related real right.
What duration and precarious or contractual conditions appear?
France: L2122-2 and L2122-3 address temporary, precarious and revocable occupation. Switzerland: distinguish permission and contractual concession under Geneva law rather than assuming identical withdrawal or duration conditions.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2122-1, L2122-2, L2122-3, L2125-3Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21Geneva LRoutes L1 10 : 59
Which charge and stated basis support the demand?
France: L2125-3 links fees to the holder’s advantages. Switzerland: compare Geneva’s applicable charge category and actual title; neither framework establishes one universal area-based tariff for every occupation.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2122-1, L2122-2, L2122-3, L2125-3Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21Geneva LRoutes L1 10 : 59
Preparation reference: Personal occupation-title and performance comparison
| Preparation question | Point to verify |
|---|---|
| Which public asset, footprint and use does the title authorise? | France: L2122-1 requires a title for occupation exceeding common use. Switzerland: identify Geneva’s permitted excessive commercial use and actual footprint; an installed business does not prove permission. |
| Who granted the title and to which holder? | France: connect the named holder and competent signatory to the act. Switzerland: Geneva permission and concession authorities differ; the operator or business buyer does not automatically become the authorised holder. |
| What duration and precarious or contractual conditions appear? | France: L2122-2 and L2122-3 address temporary, precarious and revocable occupation. Switzerland: distinguish permission and contractual concession under Geneva law rather than assuming identical withdrawal or duration conditions. |
| Which charge and stated basis support the demand? | France: L2125-3 links fees to the holder’s advantages. Switzerland: compare Geneva’s applicable charge category and actual title; neither framework establishes one universal area-based tariff for every occupation. |
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2122-1, L2122-2, L2122-3, L2125-3Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21Geneva LRoutes L1 10 : 59
What activity, layout or holder changes require agreement?
France: compare proposed activity, structures and holder with the existing title. Switzerland: assess the corresponding Geneva permission and consent conditions; a changed business does not prove acceptance of changed public use.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2122-1, L2122-2, L2122-3, L2125-3Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21Geneva LRoutes L1 10 : 59
Which official provision helps explain this situation?
An existing commercial public-land title must be read against the identified asset, footprint and authorised activity. France’s occupation framework differs from Swiss cantonal rules, illustrated here by Geneva’s permission and concession distinctions. Reconcile holder, duration, charges and termination correspondence without importing a private lease’s protections. This task concerns the existing personal title, separately from initial allocation of an opportunity or constitution of a financing-related real right.
How do transfer, renewal and withdrawal provisions differ?
France: retain transfer, renewal request and withdrawal as separate events. Switzerland: distinguish Geneva permission and concession rules for those events; an application does not itself establish continuation of the title.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2122-1, L2122-2, L2122-3, L2125-3Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21Geneva LRoutes L1 10 : 59
Which expiry or termination correspondence needs reconciliation?
France: reconcile expiry notices and departure or restoration conditions. Switzerland: connect actual restrictions, revocation and correspondence; missing response evidence must not be replaced by an assumed new authorisation.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2122-1, L2122-2, L2122-3, L2125-3Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21Geneva LRoutes L1 10 : 59
Why is a personal occupation title different from a real right over public land?
France: a personal occupation title does not alone create a real right. Switzerland: Geneva occupation likewise must not be assumed to be a private lease or independently mortgageable property right.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2122-1, L2122-2, L2122-3, L2125-3Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21Geneva LRoutes L1 10 : 59
What other questions arise in this file?
Who granted the title and to which holder?
France: connect the named holder and competent signatory to the act. Switzerland: Geneva permission and concession authorities differ; the operator or business buyer does not automatically become the authorised holder.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2122-1, L2122-2, L2122-3, L2125-3Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21Geneva LRoutes L1 10 : 59
Which charge and stated basis support the demand?
France: L2125-3 links fees to the holder’s advantages. Switzerland: compare Geneva’s applicable charge category and actual title; neither framework establishes one universal area-based tariff for every occupation.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2122-1, L2122-2, L2122-3, L2125-3Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21Geneva LRoutes L1 10 : 59
How do transfer, renewal and withdrawal provisions differ?
France: retain transfer, renewal request and withdrawal as separate events. Switzerland: distinguish Geneva permission and concession rules for those events; an application does not itself establish continuation of the title.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2122-1, L2122-2, L2122-3, L2125-3Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21Geneva LRoutes L1 10 : 59
Why is a personal occupation title different from a real right over public land?
France: a personal occupation title does not alone create a real right. Switzerland: Geneva occupation likewise must not be assumed to be a private lease or independently mortgageable property right.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2122-1, L2122-2, L2122-3, L2125-3Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21Geneva LRoutes L1 10 : 59
Which official references should you consult?
- Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2122-1, L2122-2, L2122-3, L2125-3www.legifrance.gouv.fr
- Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21silgeneve.ch
- Geneva LRoutes L1 10 : 59silgeneve.ch
Texts cited last checked: 3 November 2026