Insurance: authorisations, reports and contracts · France / Switzerland
Reinsurance recovery: treaty, loss and payment dossier
A recovery dossier starts with the executed treaty and documented underlying loss. Reconcile period, event, layers and counterparty share with notices and bordereaux, then record payments, currencies and disputed amounts. France’s and Switzerland’s legal frameworks do not replace the actual treaty conditions. Payment to the insured does not automatically settle every reinsurer obligation. Preparation organises the claim and reservations without deciding coverage or enforceability from one figure.
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- Jurisdiction
- Treaty and counterparty
- Loss and allocation
- Notices and evidence
- Payments and disputes
- Official texts cited
- Sources checked on
- Drafted with AI assistance, our method
General legal information with official references and dated checks. It is not personalised advice: for a decision that commits you, have your situation checked by a qualified professional.
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What paid or reserved underlying loss is documented?
France: distinguish underlying loss, payment to the insured and reserve evidence. Switzerland: preserve those different statuses likewise; an estimated or provisioned amount is not proof of an actual payment or accepted recovery.
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Which executed treaty and counterparty cover the period?
France: identify executed treaty, amendments, counterparty and period for the recovery. Switzerland: retain the same contractual chain; an unsigned draft does not establish the operative version or its document-priority rules.
Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42
Treaty-loss allocation and recovery-ledger dossier
Synthetic example: fictional records. Treaty-loss allocation and recovery-ledger dossier.
Synthetic example: fictional records · Treaty-loss allocation and recovery-ledger dossier
- Jurisdiction
- France
- Treaty and counterparty
- Signed version T1, reinsurer R1
- Loss and allocation
- Event E1, allocation A1
- Notices and evidence
- Notice N1, records D1
- Payments and disputes
- Ledger P1, balance S1
- Supplied rows
- 2
| Reference | Date | Type | Supplied amount | Currency | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SYN-P1 | 2026-11-01 | Dispatch | 100 | EUR | SYN-D1 |
| SYN-R1 | 2026-11-03 | Receipt | 40 | EUR | SYN-D2 |
Preparation organises the claim and reservations without deciding coverage or enforceability from one figure.
What paid or reserved underlying loss is documented?
France: distinguish underlying loss, payment to the insured and reserve evidence. Switzerland: preserve those different statuses likewise; an estimated or provisioned amount is not proof of an actual payment or accepted recovery.
Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42
How are event, business and contractual layers reconciled?
France: connect event, business and period to the actual treaty clauses. Switzerland: loss allocation needs the same documented link; payment date alone does not automatically determine aggregation or assignment to the relevant treaty year.
Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42
Preparation reference: Treaty-loss allocation and recovery-ledger dossier
| Preparation question | Point to verify |
|---|---|
| Which executed treaty and counterparty cover the period? | France: identify executed treaty, amendments, counterparty and period for the recovery. Switzerland: retain the same contractual chain; an unsigned draft does not establish the operative version or its document-priority rules. |
| What paid or reserved underlying loss is documented? | France: distinguish underlying loss, payment to the insured and reserve evidence. Switzerland: preserve those different statuses likewise; an estimated or provisioned amount is not proof of an actual payment or accepted recovery. |
| How are event, business and contractual layers reconciled? | France: connect event, business and period to the actual treaty clauses. Switzerland: loss allocation needs the same documented link; payment date alone does not automatically determine aggregation or assignment to the relevant treaty year. |
| Which retention, limit and counterparty share are invoked? | France: retain the invoked retention, limit and reinsurer share with references. Switzerland: VVG Article 101 excludes reinsurance from its scope; no direct-policy protection or inferred standard layer replaces the actual treaty terms. |
Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42
Which retention, limit and counterparty share are invoked?
France: retain the invoked retention, limit and reinsurer share with references. Switzerland: VVG Article 101 excludes reinsurance from its scope; no direct-policy protection or inferred standard layer replaces the actual treaty terms.
Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42
What notices, bordereaux and evidence were exchanged?
France: connect notices, bordereaux, requests and receipt evidence to the recipient. Switzerland: preserve the corresponding exchanges and actual contract conditions; a prepared email does not prove transmission or one universal claim-notice deadline.
Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42
Which official provision helps explain this situation?
A recovery dossier starts with the executed treaty and documented underlying loss. Reconcile period, event, layers and counterparty share with notices and bordereaux, then record payments, currencies and disputed amounts. France’s and Switzerland’s legal frameworks do not replace the actual treaty conditions. Payment to the insured does not automatically settle every reinsurer obligation. Preparation organises the claim and reservations without deciding coverage or enforceability from one figure.
Which payments, recoveries, currencies and balances are recorded?
France: the ledger retains reference, date, type, amount, currency and evidence for each movement. Switzerland: the same documentary record makes no currency conversion or automatic debt calculation; missing figures remain unknown.
Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42
What adjustment or dispute prevents treating recovery as agreed?
France: retain reservations, adjustments and partial agreement separately from the claimed balance. Switzerland: silence or an accounting entry likewise does not establish acceptance; the record does not determine the legally recoverable amount.
Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42
Why does paying the insured not establish every reinsurer obligation?
France: payment under direct insurance does not by itself establish every reinsurance obligation. Switzerland: the actual treaty and conditions remain necessary likewise; neither a gross/net provisioning rule nor paid loss proves full recovery entitlement.
Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42
Which preparation steps come first?
Editorial preparation order, not a popularity or success-probability ranking. Prioritise executed wording and established loss before allocation, notices and reconciliation of disputed recoveries.
Identify the operative treaty
Executed version, period and counterparty come before assessing recovery.
Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42
Evidence the loss
Payment and reserve status must be separated before assigning the claim.
Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42
Connect invoked coverage
Event, layer and share need the actual applicable contractual terms.
Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42
Trace notices and movements
Receipts, amounts, currencies and evidence make the recovery record verifiable.
Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42
Separate disputed points
Adjustments and reservations prevent an unconfirmed balance being shown as accepted.
Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42
What other questions arise in this file?
What paid or reserved underlying loss is documented?
France: distinguish underlying loss, payment to the insured and reserve evidence. Switzerland: preserve those different statuses likewise; an estimated or provisioned amount is not proof of an actual payment or accepted recovery.
Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42
Which retention, limit and counterparty share are invoked?
France: retain the invoked retention, limit and reinsurer share with references. Switzerland: VVG Article 101 excludes reinsurance from its scope; no direct-policy protection or inferred standard layer replaces the actual treaty terms.
Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42
Which payments, recoveries, currencies and balances are recorded?
France: the ledger retains reference, date, type, amount, currency and evidence for each movement. Switzerland: the same documentary record makes no currency conversion or automatic debt calculation; missing figures remain unknown.
Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42
Why does paying the insured not establish every reinsurer obligation?
France: payment under direct insurance does not by itself establish every reinsurance obligation. Switzerland: the actual treaty and conditions remain necessary likewise; neither a gross/net provisioning rule nor paid loss proves full recovery entitlement.
Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42
Which official references should you consult?
- Code des assurances : entreprises : L310-1-1www.legifrance.gouv.fr
- Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101fedlex.data.admin.ch
- Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101fedlex.data.admin.ch
- Insurance Contract Act LCA/VVG/LCA : 101fedlex.data.admin.ch
- FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42fedlex.data.admin.ch
- FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42fedlex.data.admin.ch
- FINMA Insurance Supervision Ordinance 26June2024 OS-FINMA/AVO-FINMA/OS-FINMA : 42fedlex.data.admin.ch
Texts cited last checked: 3 November 2026