Public assets: occupation, use and management · France / Switzerland
Long-term public land: real rights and financing terms
A long-term arrangement over public land needs legal classification before financing terms can be assessed. France’s administrative emphyteutic leases differ from Swiss construction rights and the public owner’s cantonal constraints. Identify the owner, asset status, competent approval and constitutive act, then compare transfer, mortgage, investment and reversion. A civil real right does not itself establish compatibility with public status, and expiry protections depend on the actual instrument.
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Constitutive-right, financing-security and reversion matrix
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What real right or long-term public lease is proposed?
France: distinguish State and local administrative emphyteutic-lease branches under L2341-1 and L1311-2. Switzerland: ZGB Article 779 concerns a construction servitude, with separately registerable independent and permanent rights under its conditions.
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Which public owner, land status and project define the transaction?
France: identify public owner, land status and funded project before choosing a long lease. Switzerland: establish the same public-status foundation; a civil building right does not alone prove public authority competence.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2341-1Code général des collectivités territoriales : baux emphytéotiques administratifs : L1311-2, L1311-3Swiss Civil Code / ZGB / CC : 779Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 4
What real right or long-term public lease is proposed?
France: distinguish State and local administrative emphyteutic-lease branches under L2341-1 and L1311-2. Switzerland: ZGB Article 779 concerns a construction servitude, with separately registerable independent and permanent rights under its conditions.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2341-1Code général des collectivités territoriales : baux emphytéotiques administratifs : L1311-2, L1311-3Swiss Civil Code / ZGB / CC : 779Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 4
Preparation reference: Constitutive-right, financing-security and reversion matrix
| Preparation question | Point to verify |
|---|---|
| Which public owner, land status and project define the transaction? | France: identify public owner, land status and funded project before choosing a long lease. Switzerland: establish the same public-status foundation; a civil building right does not alone prove public authority competence. |
| What real right or long-term public lease is proposed? | France: distinguish State and local administrative emphyteutic-lease branches under L2341-1 and L1311-2. Switzerland: ZGB Article 779 concerns a construction servitude, with separately registerable independent and permanent rights under its conditions. |
| Which public approval and constitutive form are required? | France: connect constitutive act and required public approvals to the selected branch. Switzerland: ZGB Article 779a requires the authentic constitutive form; the actual public-owner agreement must also be established. |
| How are construction, use and registry entries documented? | France: reconcile works, purpose, plans and rights publicity with the funded land. Switzerland: document location, dimensions and use under Article 779b and the actual register entry; a project permit alone does not establish the entire right. |
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2341-1Code général des collectivités territoriales : baux emphytéotiques administratifs : L1311-2, L1311-3Swiss Civil Code / ZGB / CC : 779Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 4
Which public approval and constitutive form are required?
France: connect constitutive act and required public approvals to the selected branch. Switzerland: ZGB Article 779a requires the authentic constitutive form; the actual public-owner agreement must also be established.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2341-1Code général des collectivités territoriales : baux emphytéotiques administratifs : L1311-2, L1311-3Swiss Civil Code / ZGB / CC : 779Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 4
Constitutive-right, financing-security and reversion matrix
Synthetic example: fictional records. Constitutive-right, financing-security and reversion matrix.
Synthetic example: fictional records · Constitutive-right, financing-security and reversion matrix
- Jurisdiction
- France
- Owner and status
- Public body P1, asset B1
- Right and project
- Instrument T1, project O1
- Act and finance
- Approval A1, security F1
- Duration and reversion
- Term D1, conditions R1
A civil real right does not itself establish compatibility with public status, and expiry protections depend on the actual instrument.
How are construction, use and registry entries documented?
France: reconcile works, purpose, plans and rights publicity with the funded land. Switzerland: document location, dimensions and use under Article 779b and the actual register entry; a project permit alone does not establish the entire right.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2341-1Code général des collectivités territoriales : baux emphytéotiques administratifs : L1311-2, L1311-3Swiss Civil Code / ZGB / CC : 779Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 4
Which official provision helps explain this situation?
A long-term arrangement over public land needs legal classification before financing terms can be assessed. France’s administrative emphyteutic leases differ from Swiss construction rights and the public owner’s cantonal constraints. Identify the owner, asset status, competent approval and constitutive act, then compare transfer, mortgage, investment and reversion. A civil real right does not itself establish compatibility with public status, and expiry protections depend on the actual instrument.
Which transfer, mortgage and lender-protection terms affect financing?
France: mortgage and public-approval conditions differ by statutory lease branch. Switzerland: connect lender security, transfer terms and registered right; no financing document alone proves all civil and public-law protections are complete.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2341-1Code général des collectivités territoriales : baux emphytéotiques administratifs : L1311-2, L1311-3Swiss Civil Code / ZGB / CC : 779Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 4
What duration and investment duties are assumed?
France: retain actual term and investment obligations without assuming one universal duration. Switzerland: Article 779l limits the independent building right to 100 years, with separate extension conditions rather than automatic renewal.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2341-1Code général des collectivités territoriales : baux emphytéotiques administratifs : L1311-2, L1311-3Swiss Civil Code / ZGB / CC : 779Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 4
How do reversion and compensation provisions protect the relevant interests?
France: examine end-of-term reversion and compensation in the applicable documents. Switzerland: distinguish ordinary return under Articles 779c–d and early-return conditions under 779f–g; book value alone does not establish compensation.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2341-1Code général des collectivités territoriales : baux emphytéotiques administratifs : L1311-2, L1311-3Swiss Civil Code / ZGB / CC : 779Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 4
Why does the civil right not alone establish compatibility with public status?
France: signing a real-right lease does not prove public-status compatibility. Switzerland: Geneva’s public-domain approval framework remains separate from civil validity; an authentic deed does not itself establish every required public competence.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2341-1Code général des collectivités territoriales : baux emphytéotiques administratifs : L1311-2, L1311-3Swiss Civil Code / ZGB / CC : 779Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 4
Which official references should you consult?
- Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2341-1www.legifrance.gouv.fr
- Code général des collectivités territoriales : baux emphytéotiques administratifs : L1311-2, L1311-3www.legifrance.gouv.fr
- Swiss Civil Code / ZGB / CC : 779www.fedlex.admin.ch
- Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 4silgeneve.ch
Texts cited last checked: 3 November 2026
What other questions arise in this file?
What real right or long-term public lease is proposed?
France: distinguish State and local administrative emphyteutic-lease branches under L2341-1 and L1311-2. Switzerland: ZGB Article 779 concerns a construction servitude, with separately registerable independent and permanent rights under its conditions.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2341-1Code général des collectivités territoriales : baux emphytéotiques administratifs : L1311-2, L1311-3Swiss Civil Code / ZGB / CC : 779Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 4
How are construction, use and registry entries documented?
France: reconcile works, purpose, plans and rights publicity with the funded land. Switzerland: document location, dimensions and use under Article 779b and the actual register entry; a project permit alone does not establish the entire right.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2341-1Code général des collectivités territoriales : baux emphytéotiques administratifs : L1311-2, L1311-3Swiss Civil Code / ZGB / CC : 779Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 4
What duration and investment duties are assumed?
France: retain actual term and investment obligations without assuming one universal duration. Switzerland: Article 779l limits the independent building right to 100 years, with separate extension conditions rather than automatic renewal.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2341-1Code général des collectivités territoriales : baux emphytéotiques administratifs : L1311-2, L1311-3Swiss Civil Code / ZGB / CC : 779Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 4
Why does the civil right not alone establish compatibility with public status?
France: signing a real-right lease does not prove public-status compatibility. Switzerland: Geneva’s public-domain approval framework remains separate from civil validity; an authentic deed does not itself establish every required public competence.
Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques : gestion des biens : L2341-1Code général des collectivités territoriales : baux emphytéotiques administratifs : L1311-2, L1311-3Swiss Civil Code / ZGB / CC : 779Geneva LDPu L1 05 : 4