Regulated activities and contracts · France and Switzerland : separate country-labelled rules
Unfair competition: conduct and evidence of harm
An unfair-competition file concerns the actual market conduct and claimed harm, rather than the existence of an intellectual-property registration alone. France and Switzerland use distinct legal frameworks. The evidence matrix separates imitation, misleading conduct and other alleged practices without declaring every resemblance unlawful or merging the case with copyright infringement, trademark opposition or a trade-secret disclosure file.
- Official texts cited
- Sources checked on
- Drafted with AI assistance, our method
General legal information with official references and dated checks. It is not personalised advice: for a decision that commits you, have your situation checked by a qualified professional.
Julie by AlphaDeep
Which investments and earlier records exist?
Keep creation, effort and dated evidence. Investment alone does not establish wrongful appropriation.
Read the referencesYour question concerns “Unfair competition: conduct and evidence of harm”. I can help organise the facts and records. Which document have you received or prepared, and is this a French or Swiss matter?
3 free questions at signup. Avoid names and sensitive information.
Which public competitor conduct is challenged?
Describe acts, dates and media. This does not presume an IP title and is distinct from trade-secret misuse.
Code civil art.1240Code civil art.1241241 : Art. 2 Principe241 : Art. 3 Méthodes déloyales de publicité et de vente et autres comportements illicites241 : Art. 9 Qualité pour agir
Which investments and earlier records exist?
Keep creation, effort and dated evidence. Investment alone does not establish wrongful appropriation.
Which confusion or unfairness is alleged?
Connect conduct and observable facts. Similarity or a lost customer does not automatically prove fault.
Which records are still missing from your file?
Indicate which records you have. The result identifies gaps and prepares a complete question for Julie, without requiring an account.
Fictional example · Your preparation
Point to complete: Harm and causation. French Civil1240-1241 require their own fault, harm and causation framework. Separate supported loss from estimate.
- Competitive conduct
- Record available
- Investment and earlier records
- Record available
- Alleged confusion or unfairness
- Record available
- Harm and causation
- Needs checking
- Records indicated
- 3 / 4
- Which harm is linked to the acts?
This worksheet organises records; it does not establish admissibility, entitlement or a procedural outcome.
Which harm is linked to the acts?
French Civil1240-1241 require their own fault, harm and causation framework. Separate supported loss from estimate.
Which documents answer which questions?
| Record or information | Issue to check |
|---|---|
| Competitive conduct | Describe acts, dates and media. This does not presume an IP title and is distinct from trade-secret misuse. |
| Investment and earlier records | Keep creation, effort and dated evidence. Investment alone does not establish wrongful appropriation. |
| Alleged confusion or unfairness | Connect conduct and observable facts. Similarity or a lost customer does not automatically prove fault. |
| Harm and causation | French Civil1240-1241 require their own fault, harm and causation framework. Separate supported loss from estimate. |
Code civil art.1240Code civil art.1241241 : Art. 2 Principe241 : Art. 3 Méthodes déloyales de publicité et de vente et autres comportements illicites241 : Art. 9 Qualité pour agir
Does absence of copyright end every analysis?
Responsibility can be examined without assuming an exclusive title. It does not create a monopoly over every idea or presentation.
Code civil art.1240Code civil art.1241241 : Art. 2 Principe241 : Art. 3 Méthodes déloyales de publicité et de vente et autres comportements illicites241 : Art. 9 Qualité pour agir
Which official provision helps explain this situation?
Tout fait quelconque de l'homme, qui cause à autrui un dommage, oblige celui par la faute duquel il est arrivé à le réparer.
In plain English: Responsibility can be examined without assuming an exclusive title. It does not create a monopoly over every idea or presentation.
What Swiss framework differs?
LCD 2/3 address defined unfair or misleading conduct;9 has standing and remedy conditions. French parasitism doctrine is not automatically Swiss law.
Code civil art.1240Code civil art.1241241 : Art. 2 Principe241 : Art. 3 Méthodes déloyales de publicité et de vente et autres comportements illicites241 : Art. 9 Qualité pour agir
Which evidence should be preserved honestly?
Keep lawfully accessible material, context and chronology. Do not fabricate earlier records or commercial exchanges.
What does the competition matrix prepare?
It links conduct, investment, alleged wrong and consequences. It determines no injunction or compensation.
What other questions arise in this file?
Which investments and earlier records exist?
Keep creation, effort and dated evidence. Investment alone does not establish wrongful appropriation.
Code civil art.1240Code civil art.1241241 : Art. 2 Principe241 : Art. 3 Méthodes déloyales de publicité et de vente et autres comportements illicites241 : Art. 9 Qualité pour agir
Which harm is linked to the acts?
French Civil1240-1241 require their own fault, harm and causation framework. Separate supported loss from estimate.
Code civil art.1240Code civil art.1241241 : Art. 2 Principe241 : Art. 3 Méthodes déloyales de publicité et de vente et autres comportements illicites241 : Art. 9 Qualité pour agir
Does absence of copyright end every analysis?
Responsibility can be examined without assuming an exclusive title. It does not create a monopoly over every idea or presentation.
Code civil art.1240Code civil art.1241241 : Art. 2 Principe241 : Art. 3 Méthodes déloyales de publicité et de vente et autres comportements illicites241 : Art. 9 Qualité pour agir
Which evidence should be preserved honestly?
Keep lawfully accessible material, context and chronology. Do not fabricate earlier records or commercial exchanges.
Code civil art.1240Code civil art.1241241 : Art. 2 Principe241 : Art. 3 Méthodes déloyales de publicité et de vente et autres comportements illicites241 : Art. 9 Qualité pour agir
Which official references should you consult?
- Code civil art.1240Légifrance
- Code civil art.1241Légifrance
- 241 : Art. 2 PrincipeFedlex
- 241 : Art. 3 Méthodes déloyales de publicité et de vente et autres comportements illicitesFedlex
- 241 : Art. 9 Qualité pour agirFedlex
Texts cited last checked: 1 November 2026